Formulation of Body Odor Bacteria Inhibiting Deodorant Spray from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Klika Kesambi
Abstract
Acne is one of the skin damages caused by acne-causing bacteria. Flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in taro tubers can potentially have activity against acne-causing bacteria. This study aims to determine the formulation of extract transparent solid soap preparation that meets the characteristics and assess the activity of soap preparation as anti-acne against acne-causing bacteria. Taro tubers were extracted by maceration method. The extract was formulated as transparent solid soap preparations with variations in extract concentration, namely F0 0%, F1 2%, F2 4%, and F3 8%. The soap was evaluated for characteristics including organoleptic test, pH, moisture content, free fatty acids and alkali, mineral oil test, and foam stability test. Antibacterial activity testing of transparent soap extracts was carried out against acne-causing bacteria. The extraction results obtained an extract yield of 10.86%, the three extract formulas have transparent solid soap characteristics that meet the requirements. Soap preparation formula 1 has an inhibition zone of 21.66 ± 0.31 mm against P. acnes bacteria, 19.11±0.53 mm against S. epidermidis, 21.74±0.34 mm against S. aureus. Soap preparation formula 2 has an inhibition zone of 18.53±0.26 mm against P. acnes bacteria, 18.71±0.49 mm against S. epidermidis, 20.16±0.34 mm against S.aureus and soap preparation formula 3 has an inhibition zone of 19.03±0.68 mm against P. acnes bacteria, 19.93±0.86 mm against S. epidermidis, 22.75±0.59 mm against S.aureus. In conclusion, formula 2 with 2% extract concentration has the best soap characteristics and has the most optimal inhibition zone.
References
2. Lundström, J. N. & Olsson, M. J. Functional neuronal processing of human body odors. Vitam Horm 83, 1–23 (2010).
3. McManus, K. et al. Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. Extracts inhibit the growth of body odour-forming bacteria. Int J Cosmet Sci 39, 500–510 (2017).
4. Komala, O., Wiendarlina, I. Y. & Rizqiyana, N. Antibacterial activity roll on deodorant with Pluchea indica (L.) leaf extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis (Evans 1916 ) in vitro. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 293, 012031 (2019).
5. Indriaty, S. et al. Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Deodoran Spray Ekstrak Etanol Herba Kemangi terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Formulation and Activity Test of Deodorant Spray of Basil Herb Etanol Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus. Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian vol. 7 (2022).
6. Teerasumran, P., Velliou, E., Bai, S. & Cai, Q. Deodorants and antiperspirants: New trends in their active agents and testing methods. Int J Cosmet Sci (2023) doi:10.1111/ics.12852.
7. Situmeang, B., Malik Ibrahim, A., Bialangi, N., J.A Musa, W. & Silaban, S. Antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of Kesambi (Sapindaceae) against Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia 11, 14–17 (2019).
8. Ghosh, P. et al. Triterpenoids from Schleichera oleosa of Darjeeling Foothills and Their Antimicrobial Activity. Indian J Pharm Sci 73, 231–3 (2011).
9. Kancherla, N., Dhakshinamoothi, A., Chitra, K. & Komaram, R. B. Preliminary Analysis of Phytoconstituents and Evaluation of Anthelminthic Property of Cayratia auriculata (In Vitro). Maedica (Bucur) 14, 350–356 (2019).
10. Machado, B. A. S. et al. Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Extraction and Ethanolic Extraction of Brown, Green and Red Propolis Derived from Different Geographic Regions in Brazil. PLoS One 11, e0145954 (2016).
11. Veranita, W., Wibowo, A. E. & Rachmat, R. Formulasi Sediaan Deodoran Spray dari Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Kalamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) dan Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis L) serta Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 3, 142–146 (2021).
12. Masrijal, C. D. P., Jarulis, J. & Sarah, S. Formulasi dan Uji Aktivivitas Antibakteri Deodoran Spray Ethanol-Propilenglikol Mengandung Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Kalamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa Cortex) Terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jurnal Ilmiah Pharmacy 9, 64–74 (2022).
13. Nahor, E. M., Rumagit, B. I., YTou, H. & Kesehatan Kemenkes Manado, P. Perbandingan Rendemen Ekstrak Etanol Daun Andong (Cordyline futicosa L.) Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi dan Sokhletasi Comparison of the Yield of Andong Leaf Ethanol Extract (Cordyline fruticosa L.) Using Maceration and Sokhletation Extraction Methods.
14. Tinggi Kesehatan Al-Fatah Bengkulu, S. & Dwi Putri Masrijal, C. Formulasi dan Uji Aktivivitas Antibakteri Deodoran Spray Ethanol-Propilenglikol Mengandung Minyak Atsiri Kulit Jeruk Kalamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa Cortex) Terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jurnal Ilmiah Pharmacy vol. 9 (2022).
15. Kerwin, B. A. Polysorbates 20 and 80 used in the formulation of protein biotherapeutics: structure and degradation pathways. J Pharm Sci 97, 2924–35 (2008).
16. Shamsudin, N. F. et al. Antibacterial Effects of Flavonoids and Their Structure-Activity Relationship Study: A Comparative Interpretation. Molecules 27, (2022).
17. Kaczmarek, B. Tannic Acid with Antiviral and Antibacterial Activity as A Promising Component of Biomaterials-A Minireview. Materials (Basel) 13, (2020).
18. Guimarães, A. C. et al. Antibacterial Activity of Terpenes and Terpenoids Present in Essential Oils. Molecules 24, (2019).
Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Khairi Jalil Genisa, Ismail, Maulita Indrisari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
