Determinan Perilaku Menyusui dengan Keberhasilan ASI Eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Menteng Kota Palangka Raya
Abstract
Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif adalah air susu ibu yang diberikan kepada bayi sejak dilahirkan selama 6 bulan tanpa menambahkan atau mengganti dengan makanan atau minuman lain. ASI eksklusif berperan sebagai imunisasi pertama, perlindungan dari infeksi pernapasan, diare dan penyakit yang berpotensi mengancam jiwa lainnya. Salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap rendahnya tingkat keberhasilan ASI eksklusif secara global adalah faktor sosial budaya yang berkaitan dengan perilaku menyusui. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis determinan perilaku menyusui (predisposing factors, enabling factors dan reinforcing factors) dengan keberhasilan ASI eksklusif. Metode penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Hasil penelitian sebesar 61% tidak ASI eksklusif. Kemudian hasil uji chi square pada predisposing factors meliputi pekerjaan, sikap dan pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan dengan keberhasilan ASI eksklusif. Enabling factors meliputi penolong persalinan, tempat persalinan dan riwayat Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan keberhasilan ASI eksklusif dan reinforcing factors pada variabel dukungan keluarga berhubungan secara signifikan dengan keberhasilan ASI eksklusif. Hasil uji regresi logistik disimpulkan variabel riwayat inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) (p=0.001;OR=16.625) variabel dominan dengan keberhasilan ASI eksklusif bersama variabel dukungan keluarga (p=0.013;OR=6.791), pekerjaan (p=0.014;OR=3.689), pengetahuan (p=0.027;OR=6.892) dan penolong persalinan (p=0.047;OR=6.604). Kesimpulan riwayat IMD merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif bersama-sama dengan variabel dukungan keluarga, pekerjaan, pengetahuan dan penolong persalinan. Saran penelitian perlu penguatan upaya promotif dan preventif yang dilakukan sejak dini.
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