Integrated School-Based Intervention for Prevention and Control of Anemia among Pre-adolescent Girls Aged 10–12 Years
Abstract
Anemia remains a health problem in school-aged children, particularly pre-adolescent girls who face increased iron requirements during growth. This study aimed to evaluate changes in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and anemia status following the implementation of a school-based integrated intervention package in girls aged 10–12 years. The study used a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design with a control group involving 60 female students from two elementary schools in Central Kalimantan. Allocation was conducted at the school level, with one school as the intervention group and one school as the control group. The intervention package was delivered for 8 weeks and included health and nutrition education, promotion and monitoring of local food consumption sources of iron, Hb testing and follow-up, and monitored iron supplementation according to the study protocol, with parental involvement as a supporting strategy. Anemia status was determined based on the Hb threshold for the age group specified in the study protocol. The intervention group experienced a greater increase in Hb concentration than the control group (ΔHb +1.5 ± 0.6 vs +0.6 ± 0.5 g/dL; p<0.001) and showed a higher proportion of participants with non-anemic status after the intervention (76.7% vs 43.3%). The integrated school-based intervention package was associated with better improvements in Hb concentration and anemia status compared to routine school health services. The findings need to be interpreted considering the allocation at the school level and the involvement of only two schools.
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