Oral Antidiabetic Activity on Dietary Patterns of Urban and Rural Patients
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with a steadily rising global prevalence; its management is influenced by various factors, including dietary habits and pharmacological therapy. This study aimed to identify the use of oral antidiabetic therapies, dietary patterns, and blood glucose levels among diabetes mellitus patients in urban and rural areas. This cross-sectional observational study involved 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, evenly distributed between Cirebon City (urban) and Majalengka Regency (Munjul Village). Dietary data were collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), while data on therapy (metformin, glibenclamide, glimepiride) and blood glucose levels were obtained from medical records. Data analysis employed the Mann-Whitney test to compare differences between the groups. The results revealed significant differences in dietary patterns (mean ranks: 19.97 vs. 41.03; p<0.001) and the types of oral antidiabetic therapy used (mean ranks: 21.42 vs. 39.58; p<0.001) between the two regions; urban patients exhibited more controlled dietary habits and a higher frequency of monotherapy, whereas rural patients tended to use combination therapy. However, no significant difference was found regarding the reduction in blood glucose levels (mean ranks: 31.38 vs. 29.62; p=0.695) between the two groups. The study concludes that despite differences in dietary patterns and therapeutic regimens, glycemic control among diabetic patients in both regions was relatively comparable.
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