Determinant Factors Affecting Psychological Well-being of Pregnant Mothers
Abstract
Globally, approximately 10–20% of pregnant women experience mental health disorders. In Indonesia, approximately 12.6% of pregnant women experience common mental disorders, making maternal psychological well-being an important public health concern. Although previous studies have examined individual psychosocial factors, comprehensive analyses integrating physical, psychological, and social determinants remain limited, particularly in Indonesian primary healthcare settings. Therefore, this study aims to identify the determinants of psychological well-being among pregnant mothers. This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in 20 public health centers in Tangerang City from January to March 2023. A total of 196 pregnant mothers were selected using cluster random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including validated instruments for eating behavior, domestic violence, perceived stress, and psychological well-being. Data analysis used multiple linear regression tests, ANOVA tests, and regression coefficients. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression in SPSS version 26. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression in SPSS version 26. Multiple linear regression showed that the model was statistically significant (F = 4.267, p < 0.001), explaining 21.9% of the variance in psychological well-being (R² = 0.219; adjusted R² = 0.167). Acceptance of pregnancy (B = 15.94, β = 0.233, 95% CI: 5.25–26.64, p = 0.004), domestic violence (B = -12.51, β = -0.230, 95% CI: -21.30 to -3.72, p = 0.006), and attitudes toward pregnancy care (B = 0.37, β = 0.167, 95% CI: 0.07–0.66, p = 0.016) were significantly associated with psychological well-being among pregnant women. These findings may inform future psychosocial interventions, although longitudinal studies are required to establish causal relationships.
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