Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity, Toxicity Test, and Phytochemical Analysis of Roselle Flower Extract

  • Ahmad Yani School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  • Venny Patricia Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Banten, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
Keywords: Antihypertensive, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Brine shrimp lethality test

Abstract

Hypertension is still one of the biggest health problems in the world, including in Indonesia. The high prevalence rate has encouraged a lot of research to find antihypertensive drugs and other alternative healing methods, especially those using natural ingredients. One plant that has antihypertensive activity is the roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). This research aimed to observe the inhibitory activity of roselle flower extract on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), determine the potential toxicity of roselle flower extract on shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leach), and determine the phytochemical content in it. Roselle flower simplicia was extracted using the maceration method using a 70% ethanol solvent. The extract obtained was then tested for its inhibitory activity against ACE photometrically using a microplate reader. The observed inhibitory activity was calculated in terms of IC50. The toxicity of the extract was determined by the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) to see how toxic the roselle flower extract was to shrimp larvae. The secondary metabolite content in the extract was determined qualitatively and quantitatively. The research results showed that the extraction yield obtained was 32,63%. The IC50 value of roselle flower extract against ACE was 295,36 ppm. The toxicity test on shrimp larvae showed that the LC50 value obtained was 334,02 ppm. The results of qualitative phytochemical tests show that roselle flower extract contained flavonoids, quinones, and steroids. The flavonoids and phenolic content in roselle flower extract were 0,42% and 0,91%, respectively. Based on these results, the phytochemical content of roselle flower extract inhibited ACE activity, and its compounds can be used as ingredients for developing hypertension drugs

References

1. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2019.
2. Rohsela HN. Inhibisi Ekstrak Air Kumis kucing dan Tempuyung terhadap Aktivitas ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) secara In Vitro [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2014.
3. Zeng Y, Wang N, Qian W. Production of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Peanut Meal Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Facilitated with Protease. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2013;5(9):1198-203.
4. Chaudhary SK, Mukherjee PK, Maiti N, De AK, Bhadra S, Saha BP. Evaluation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Piper longum. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 2013;12(3):478-482.
5. Sogandi, Wahyuni G, Saputri DD, Purwaningsih D, Khanna P. Mekanisme Kerja Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) pada Hipertensi. Makalah Pascasarjana Biokimia IPB. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2013.
6. Lin YS, Lu YL, Wang GJ, Liang HJ, Hou WC. Vasorelaxing and Antihypertensive Activities of Synthesized Peptides Derived from Computer-aided Simulation of Pepsin Hydrolysis of Yam dioscorin. Botanical Studies. 2014;55(1):1-7.
7. Susanto JP. Konsep Baru Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2015;42(2):102-5.
8. Aulena DN, Tambunan RM, Desya P. Aktivitas Antioksidan, Penghambatan ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme), dan Toksisitas dari Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Jamblang (Syzigium cumini L.). Sainstech Farma: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2020;13(2):99-106.
9. Nnachetam UV, Florence ON, Charity ON, Pius E. Phytochemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Calyces (Zobo Flower) Extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Health Sciences & Research. 2020;11(1):12-6.
10. Obouayeba AP, Djyh NB, Diabate S, Djaman AJ, N'guessan JD, Kone M, Kouakou TH. Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Petal Extracts. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2014;5(2):1453-65.
11. Adusei S. Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. IPTEK the Journal for Technology and Science. 2020;31(2):139-47.
12. Jamrozik D, Borymska W, Kaczmarczyk-Żebrowska I. Hibiscus sabdariffa in Diabetes Prevention and Treatment—Does It Work? An Evidence-Based Review. Foods. 2022;11(14):2134.
13. Umeoguaju FU, Ephraim-Emmanuel BC, Uba JO, Bekibele GE, Chigozie N, Orisakwe OE. Immunomodulatory and Mechanistic Considerations of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) in Dysfunctional Immune Responses: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12:550670.
14. Masykur A, Pujiastuti RS. Efektivitas Sirup Bunga Rosella Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi Dengan Kolesterolemia. Window of Health: Jurnal Kesehatan. 2023;6(1):58-69.
15. Yani A, Patricia V, Syafii F. Phytochemical Composition and Inhibitory Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Cucumis sativus Infusions Against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research. 2023;7(2):2341-2345.
16. Lam LH, Shimamura T, Manabe S, Ishiyama M, Ukeda H. Assay of angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibiting activity based on the detection of 3-hydroxybutyrate with water-soluble tetrazolium salt. Analytical Sciences. 2008;24(8):1057-1060.
17. Dojindo Laboratories. ACE Kit-WST Technical Manual. [cited 2023 December 30]. Available from: https://www.dojindo.eu.com/TechnicalManual/Manual_A502.pdf.
18. Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnam JE, Jacobsen LB, Nichols DE, McLaughlin JL. Brine Shrimp: A Convenient General Bioassay for Active Plant Constituents. Planta Medica. 1982;45(05):31-34.
19. Mastura M, Mauliza M, Hasby H. Toxicity Test of Acehnese Plants Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method. EduChemia (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan). 2022;7(1):110-123.
20. Harborne AJ. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis (3rd Ed). New York: Chapman and Hall; 1998.
21. Oktapiya TR, Pratama NP, Purnamaningsih N. Analisis Fitokimia dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Ekstrak Etanol Daun Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy. 2022;3(2):105-110.
22. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI. Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Vol. 1. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan; 2004.
23. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2017.
24. Ambari Y, Fitri S, Nurrosyidah IH. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Masker Gel Peel-off Ekstrak Etanol Kelopak Bunga Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) dengan Metode DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl). PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia). 2021;18(1):54-64.
25. Shafirany MZ, Indawati I, Singgih I. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kelopak Bunga Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Asal Daerah Sukabumi Provinsi Jawa Barat. Medical Sains: Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian. 2021;6(1):35-44.
26. Nopiyanti V, Harjanti R, Aisiyah S. Determination of SPF Value in Serum Preparation of Ethyl Acetat Fraction Ethanol Extract of Roselle Petals (Hibiscus sabdarifa L.). Jurnal Farmasi (Journal of Pharmacy). 2022;11(1):1-6.
27. Bulan DE, Nurfadilah N, Syahrir MR, Mismawati A, Torambung AK, Rachmawati M. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf Extracts from Three Rhizophora Species from Bontang Waters, Indonesia. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research. 2022;6(8):1178-1182.
28. Lee SY, Hur SJ. Antihypertensive Peptides from Animal Products, Marine Organisms, and Plants. Food Chemistry. 2017;228:506-517.
29. Vargas-León EA, Díaz-Batalla L, González-Cruz L, Bernardino-Nicanor A, Castro-Rosas J, Reynoso-Camacho R, Gómez-Aldapa CA. Effects of Acid Hydrolysis on the Free Radical Scavenging Capacity and Inhibitory Activity of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme of Phenolic Compounds of Two Varieties of Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa). Industrial Crops and Products. 2018;116:201-208.
30. Liu H, Liang ZM, Li RT, Yu YG. Advances in the Mechanisms of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on Hypertension. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020;145:01039.
31. Ebeigbe AB, Arishe OO. Mechanisms of Vasodilation Induced by Medicinal Plants: A Mini-review. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research. 2017;1(3):97-99.
Published
2024-07-24
How to Cite
1.
Yani A, Venny Patricia. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity, Toxicity Test, and Phytochemical Analysis of Roselle Flower Extract. woh [Internet]. 2024Jul.24 [cited 2024Oct.18];7(3):245-5. Available from: https://jurnal.fkmumi.ac.id/index.php/woh/article/view/1320
Section
Articles