Prediktor Self-Efficacy pada Ibu Hamil Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Abstract
Ibu hamil merupakan salah satu kelompok rentan yang terdampak pandemic COVID-19 melalui adanya keterbatasan akses dan jangkauan ke pelayanan kesehatan sehingga mengakibatkan proses adaptasi selama kehamilan dan stressor kehamilan meningkat. Self-efficacy termasuk salah salah faktor penting dalam kemampuan koping ibu hamil saat mengalami stress dan depresi pada situasi pandemic COVID-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap self-efficacy ibu hamil selama pandemic COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional di wilayah kerja Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Panti, kabupaten Jember selama Agustus-Oktober 2021. Sampel penelitian sejumlah 170 orang yang dipikih secara acak menggunakan cluster random sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) untuk mengukur self-efficacy dan kuesioner terstruktur untuk mengukur karakteristik responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap self-efficacy ibu hamil selama pandemic COVID-19 adalah pendidikan (p-value = 0.007; OR = 3.852), pendapatan (p-value = 0.014; OR = 4.325), dan pekerjaan (p-value = 0.006; OR = 5.464). Dan prediktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap self-efficacy ibu hamil selama pandemic COVID-19 adalah pekerjaan (p-value = 0.002; OR = 6.224). Ibu pekerja cenderung memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi lebih tinggi melalui perubahan kondisi dalam pekerjaan sebagai upaya pengembangan diri, tuntutan, inisiatif dan target dalam pekerjaan, pengambilan keputusan tepat, dan stressor lain dalam pekerjaan sehingga cenderung memiliki self-efficacy lebih tinggi, mampu memecahkan masalah, dan menyelesaikan tantangan dengan baik terutama selama masa pandemic COVID-19. Upaya peningkatan kapabilitas dan pemberdayaan ibu perlu dilakukan secara konsisten melalui pelatihan agar self-efficacy ibu meningkat.
Kata kunci: Ibu hamil; self-efficacy; COVID-19; pekerjaan
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